VINHAÇA DO PROCESSO DE ETANOL LIGNOCELULÓSICO BRASILEIRO: COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E POTENCIAL PARA BIOPROCESSOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18011/bioeng2021v15n1p42-68Palavras-chave:
Setor sucroenergético, Análises cromatográficas, Valorização de resíduos, Biorrefinarias, Vinhaça 2GResumo
O Brasil é o segundo maior produtor de etanol e os resíduos gerados pela fermentação alcoólica têm levantado questões econômicas e ambientais. Recentemente a indústria brasileira implantou o processo de segunda geração (2G) para atender às crescentes demandas pelo biocombustível. Neste estudo, foi investigado se a vinhaça 2G tem potencial para trazer os mesmos desafios ambientais associados à vinhaça de primeira geração (1G), isto é, aquela proveniente dos processos de etanol a partir de caldo e/ou melaço de cana-de-açúcar. Foi coletada vinhaça de uma das unidades de etanol 2G recentemente instaladas no Estado de São Paulo e, então, caracterizada quimicamente. Considerando-se glicerol, manitol, açúcares residuais e ácidos orgânicos, determinou-se que a vinhaça 2G possui um total de fonte de carbono de 23.050 mg L-1 (comparado a 4.800 mg L-1 na vinhaça 1G). Magnésio, cálcio, potássio e outros sais também foram determinados. Com base na composição química, vinhaças podem ser consideradas fontes de nutrientes para bioprocessos. Finalmente, foram abordados bioprocessos cujas demandas nutricionais podem ser completa ou parcialmente garantidas pelas vinhaças, resultando na produção de bioenergia ou bioprodutos.
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