MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION OF PERISHABLE GOODS IN THE STATE OF SÃO

Brazil is characterized by great diversity. The fact is not different in the state of São Paulo where several crops are produced in different administrative regions. Current study determines which productions are closer to major consumer centers. A multivariate analysis between production and towns has been applied so that the principal components of this analysis may be assessed. Further, the more perishable products are those which are closer to consuming centers.


INTRODUCTION
Agribusiness is currently one of the economy´s segments with great potential for growth in Brazil.In 2013 it featured more than 20% of the NGP.The productions of goods consumed in natura may be underscored in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, due to the nearness to the market and their high aggregated value.
Analyses of edaphoclimatic conditions, prices and future prospects should be taken into account when the place of crop planting has to be decided (FERREIRA, L. 2011).COSTA et al. (2013) reported, by multivariated analyses, that in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais government investment for the development of agribusiness highlighted advancements in certain regions.
By cluster analyses, WEERSMA et al. (2009) reported that in the northeastern region of Brazil the production factor involving quality products, quick, regular and punctual delivery, packing meeting distribution demands and irrigation are the factors of great importance in competitiveness.
Agricultural development in the southwestern region of the state of Paraná revealed faults in basic infrastructure due to local conditions.The above analysis by Melo and Silva (2014) was undertaken by multivariate methodologies.
It should be underscored that besides the factors linked to production, another intrinsic factor of agribusiness comprises an analysis of companies linked to regional produce (DIEL et al., 2014).
Current analysis discusses data on how the main products of agribusiness in the state of São Paulo are related to their administration regions and verifies whether produce is close to the consumer centers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The analysis of data comprised total produce cultivated and produced in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.In the wake of the great number of municipalities, the state division by the Agricultural Development Offices (EDR) was adopted (Figure 1).Data for current investigation were collected from the database of the Institute of Agricultural Economy (IEA, 2014) which makes available download in CVS electronic spreadsheets.Kolmogorov and Smirnov´s test was performed for the statistical analysis of data to verify data normality.
The principal components model was applied for the different groups of variables with Excel program and XLSTAT supplement to correlate the products with the administrative regions.
The correlation between production and town was calculated to determine the principal components.
Estimates of eigenvalues and eigenvectors were thus assessed.Eigenvectors are the weight of each variable in each component (axes) and are the coefficients of relationships varying between -1 and +1 (LATTIN et al., 2011).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 shows a descriptive analysis of the data.Minimum and maximum rates, average and standard deviation were calculated.The principal components were analyzed so that the behavior of each product could be verified according to the region (Figure 3).It may be highlighted that the products requiring faster consumption due to their perishable conditions are produced largely in the regions close to their consumption centers.Edaphoclimatic and demand characteristics influence the production scale per region The first axes of ACP (F1) with 39.19% of data variations show a high corelationship between the São José do Rio Preto region with large-scale products, such as oranges, sugarcane, lemons and mangoes.The region´s hot climate and large spreading plantations favor the development of these crops The concentration of processed products in the Campinas region shows a developing industrial region with several government investments.The region lies close to Brazil´s greatest consumption centers.
There is a great production of vegetables and products that require only small plots of land in the Sorocaba region.Since the region is highly peopled, it is characterized by the cultivation and produce of highly perishable crops The Marilia region is characterized by its great production of eggs.Further, the fowl´s diet requirements characterize the region as a great soybean producer.Whole rice production is due to the need of hay and bran for fowl litters.
The São Paulo and Registro regions are specialized in the production of banana since they lie in a mountainous region with proper edaphoclimatic conditions for the crop.

CONCLUSIONS
The concentration of vegetables in small homesteads near great consumers´ centers is due to the demand of their consumption within the shortest period.
The region´s edaphoclimatic factors actually determine produce, coupled to technology that stimulates production of industrialized food.
In fact, the state of São Paulo has four distinct regions determined by factors that prop the economy of the administration regions.

Figure 1 -
Figure 1 -Map of the regions in the state of São Paulo produced by the Regional Development Offices.Source: IEA (2014).

Figure 2 -
Figure 2 -Dendrogram of the analysis of the state of São Paulo according to products.

Figure 3 -
Figure 3 -Analysis of principal components for the producing regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Table 1 -
Descriptive statistics of data of products from the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Table 2 -
Class division of producing regions according to the products.